Are Family Members Allowed in Code Blue? Essay

Allowing family members to remain with patients during code blue procedures has been a debated topic in the healthcare environment for many years. A great diversity in opinions exists on the subject among healthcare providers. A great diversity in opinions exists on the subject among healthcare providers. According to statistics, only 5% of hospital units have any type of formal written policy to use as a guideline for these situations. This lack of written policy has added controversy and confusion amongst healthcare providers. Current trends are moving towards allowing family members to be present during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and other procedures. Studies show great disparity in opinion exists depending on the type of practice. Nurses are far more likely to support family presence than are doctors. Resident physicians are the least open to family members remaining with the patient during a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Should Family Members Be Allowed In Code Blue? Allowing family members to remain with patients during code blue procedures has been a debated topic in the healthcare environment for many years. A great diversity in opinions exists on the subject among healthcare providers. According to statistics, only 5% of hospital units have any type of formal written policy to use as a guideline for these situations (Doyle, 2007). This lack of written policy has added controversy and confusion amongst healthcare providers. Current trends are moving towards allowing family members to be present during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and other procedures. Most healthcare professionals have been found to have positive feelings about allowing family members to remain during code situations. Studies show great disparity in opinion exists depending on the type of practice. Nurses are far more likely to support family presence than are doctors. Resident physicians are the least open to family members remaining with the patient during a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). One study done by the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, found that 75-80% of its physician members were opposed to family members being present during resuscitation or invasive procedures (Duran, Oman, Jordan, Koziel, & Szymanski, 2007). According to physicians, having family presence during resuscitation also has some serious drawbacks. Resuscitation is an intense situation; where every second is critical. Their major concern is that there is no distressed family member present that could interfere with the resuscitation efforts. If family members are present, this will distract attention from the patient and the care he/she needs. Not having family members present during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) will allow the staff to continue to work effectively in the midst of this critical situation. One question that is asked many times by medical providers is the following: â€Å"Is it feasible to implement a family presence intervention during medical resuscitation in an emergency department using national guidelines to ensure appropriate family member behavior and uninterrupted patient care†? For some, it is also believed that family presence throughout cardiopulmonary resuscitation present problems. Fear that the staff might be distracted from providing needed patient care by distraught family members, is a physician’s main concern (Walsh, 2004). Throughout these codes, many times the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) team demonstrates a quick ability to provide the best care under stressful and intense situations. Many physicians fear the cardiopulmonary resuscitation team will have difficulty controlling their own emotional response with the family present. Another point they are also concerned with is the patient’s code might be prolonged in futile situations because of the requests of the family members. This increases anxiety that an overwrought family member might hurt himself due to their reaction of the scene. If the family member faints, resources could be diverted away from resuscitating the patient. There could be accidental exposure to blood and body fluids thus endangering family members to other unknown pathogens. This then leads to a final point, but most valid point, that there is not enough room in an emergency to accommodate the family throughout a code. There may have to be a limit to the amount of family members that may be present in a code due to the small rooms available in healthcare facilities and the amount of equipment needed to save the patient’s life. In a survey, when asking several physicians about their opinion on having family members present throughout a cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a Vancouver physician stated: â€Å"To watch a team of strangers frantically shove tubes down the throat of a relative pierce each arm with large-gauge needles, or, in extreme situations, crack open the chest, would not only be traumatic to observe but could also leave the relative with a horrifying final memory. † (American College of American Physicians, 2008). As mentioned before, there is a very high percent of physicians that do not believe that this may be particularly safe for the patient. As patient advocates, physicians feel their main concern is first the well being of the patient and then the family They feel that the family will have an unpleasant, haunting, constant memory reminding them when the patient was at the worse time of their lives. In conclusion, bringing a family member to the bedside should not happen haphazardly but should be handled with careful consideration and define expectations. The best practice should be to educate healthcare staff during advance cardiac life support (ACLS), advance trauma life support (ATLS), and fundamental critical care support (FCCS).  The patient’s and family wishes should be honored whenever possible.

All Quiet on the Western Front-Novel

â€Å"Men may have escaped the shells of battle but were often destroyed by war† How is this idea explored in the novel? â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front† written by Erich Maria Remarque explores the idea that men have escaped the shells of battle but were often destroyed by war. Remarque presents the changes in Paul and his friends and by displaying the sense of isolation the men feel after the war by using a range of techniques. Remarque displays the changes in Paul and his friends by showing how the boys were once school boys who had an education and a future but war extinguished all innocence and hope for a future.The boys begin as an innocent class of twenty young men have the belief that war would be a glorious experience. â€Å"†¦Our heads were full of nebulous ideas which cast an idealized, almost romantic glow over life and even the war†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 15)This enables the reader to comprehend how much of an impact the opinion of the older generation had. Remarque uses the technique of inclusive language â€Å"When we came out here we were cut off, whether we like it or not, from everything we had done up to that point. † (p. 4) to reveal the universal suffering of the men. When Paul returns home he realises that only those who experienced the war would truly understand the effect the war had on the individual. When Paul’s Mother talks to him about the war she tries to understand what Paul is suffering but Paul realises she truly has no idea. â€Å"She says ‘with the gas and all the rest of it’. She doesn’t know what she is saying†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 116) This further destroys the men as they as no one truly understands what they’re feeling.Remarque continues to use metaphors during the text to demonstrate how the boys’ outlook on life has changed dramatically. â€Å"†¦The war has ruined us for everything†¦ We are no longer young men. We’ve lost any desire to conq uer the world. We are refugees. We are fleeing from ourselves. From our lives. † (p. 63) this quote emphasises how the war has killed everything inside of them that ever hoped for a future because the boys cannot literally flee from their lives. ‘We are refugees’ maintains the point that they will never be able to escape from the war and its effects.Lastly the metaphor â€Å"an abyss of suffering† finalises the amount of pain, grief and suffering the boys will face for the rest of their lives. On the surface it appears that the war has not impacted Paul and his way life but his struggles are imminent when he returns home on leave. Paul experiences a deep feeling of isolation when he returns home to find himself struggling to reconnect with civilisation. â€Å"The scenes existed once- but they will never return. They are gone, they are another world, a world that is in the past for us† (p. 7) This urges the reader to sympathise with Paul as he uses a sad, desperate tone of voice, wishing that he could become part of his old world again. â€Å"This sudden confrontation with the civilized world is too much for me. † (p. 174) This stresses the point that Paul has been away for so long, living in a completely different world of death, despair and fear that he is overwhelmed at the prospect of a clean bed and a proper toilet. When Paul returns home he develops an understanding of how a barrier has built itself between Paul and his old life.This quote further portrays the isolation Paul feels at home â€Å"’You are home, you are home. ’ But there is an awkwardness that will not leave me, I can’t get used to everything yet†¦ There is a veil and a few steps between me and them. † (p. 115) â€Å"Suddenly a terrible feeling of isolation wells up inside me. I can’t get back, I’m locked out; however much I might plead, however much I try†¦ and the past turns away from me. † ( p. 124) Remarque uses the tone of voice and words such as ‘I’ and ‘me’ to conclude that Paul is alone in his suffering and that at this point in time, he has no one to turn to.The metaphor ‘the past turns away from me’ allows the reader to fully comprehend how strong the barrier is that has formed and how isolated Paul feels when he describes how he feels as if his past is literally turning away from him and leaving him behind in the uncertainty and despair of war. Remarque effectively captured the idea of how although men escaped the shells of battle their lives were destroyed by the war. It reveals how the men evolved from being young and innocent with a family and future to knowing nothing but death and despair and having no hope for a future.

The Thoughts of Carl Jung Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Thoughts of Carl Jung - Essay Example Carl Gustav Jung was born in 1875 on the Swiss shore of Lake Constance to Paul and Emilie Jung, a village pastor and the youngest daughter of a famous-but-eccentric theologian (Stevens, 2001, p. 2). Jung's father died when he was still in school and, although his first career choice was that of a medical doctor, he was precluded from pursuing this career path due to the fact that he could not afford to do so; he opted instead, to go to work as an assistant at the Bergholzli asylum proximate to Zurich (Daniels, 2003, p. 24). He met and developed a friendship with Sigmund Freud, with whom he corresponded often until a series of philosophical and perceptive differences caused the break (Stevens, 2001, pp. 18-24). He married and had a family and, although seemingly happy with his wife Emma, nevertheless engaged in several well-documented affairs. After World War I, he spent much of his time traveling and writing much of the work we have today. He died in 1961. There are many aspects of Jung's life and experiences that can be seen in his subsequent work; so much so that they lie far beyond the scope of this paper. There are a few, however, that should be mentioned to provide context for the theories and his contribution to society which follow. The first is the environment in which Jung developed. In speaking of the period of time between the 1870s and 1930s, one author notes that "the major disciplinary and theoretical forms of modern psychology and psychotherapy were established" (Shamdasani, 2003, p. 10). It was in this culture of change and development that Jung went to school, spent nine years at the Bergholzli asylum, formed and broke his relationship with Freud, had his many dreams and near-psychotic breaks, and generally formed the foundations of his thinking. Many of his theories, three of which are named below, can be traced to this developmental era of re-thinking the philosophy and science of psychology. Another event in Jung's life that bears mention is his relationship with his mother. Specifically when, as a young boy who slept with his father (his parents kept separate bedrooms), she had a breakdown "for which she had to spend several months in the hospital, and this enforced separation at a critical stage in his development seems to have affected Jung for the rest of his life" (Stevens, 2001, p. 3). This maternal separation seemed to have had a great influence on his concept of "anima (the female complex in his unconscious)", and is cited as a possible reason for his numerous affairs as well as his apparent habit of surrounding himself with women (Stevens, 2001, pp. 26-27). A third influential event would have to be his six year correspondence and friendship with Sigmund Freud. As Jung developed from student to an independent thinker, he was often suppressed by Freud, particularly when his ideas expanded

Generally Accepted Auditing Standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Generally Accepted Auditing Standards - Essay Example the accumulation and evaluation of evidence regarding information to help determine and report on the degree of correspondence between information and established criteria (p. 4). Auditing requires that there must be verifiable information and certain standards by which the auditor can evaluate the information. The standards can vary depending on the nature of information. For instance, GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principle) is considered to be the criteria for auditing historical financial statements. Auditing requires evidence like written communication and oral testimony and auditors need to obtain sufficient quality of evidences. The final step in auditing is preparing the audit report (Arens, Elder and Beasley, 2006, p. 4). GAAS are auditing standards that suggest necessary qualifications and characteristics of auditors. The guidelines are 10 GAAP standards that have experienced minimal changes since these were first developed in 1947 (Arens, Elder and Beasley, 2006, p. 4). These GAAS standards remain the same through time and for all audits, even though auditing procedures may vary depending on the complexity of accounting systems. The 10 GAAS standards relate to the competence of auditor, his independence in both financial and managerial relations and the attitudes about professionalism (Louwers, Ramsay and Sinason, 2008. p. 39- 42). The GAAS elements also affect the standards at field that include detailed planning of the audit, risk assessment through internal control and collecting audit evidences. One of the major concerns of GAAS is regarding the standards in financial reporting and its contents. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, passed by George W Bush on July 2002, was intended to establish investor confidence by improving the quality of financial disclosures and audit reporting, to strengthen the independence of accounting firms and to increase the responsibilities of corporate officers (Hayes, Dassen and Schilder, 2005, p. 49). The

Invasive Exotic Species Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Invasive Exotic Species - Essay Example The scientific study of insects has its beginning as early as the sixteenth century. Entomologists classify insects based on their taxonomy into various groups known as apiology, coleopterology, dipterology, heteropterology, lepidoptrelogy, myrmecology, orthopetrology, trichoptrology (Triplehorn, 2005) Each entomologist spends his life in the study of any one of these groups. Insect identification is very difficult as the attributes distinguishing them are often invisible or unclear. The Exotic Species (Invasive species) Exotic species are defined as those organisms that are not specific or intrinsic to a particular area. (Naylor, 2001) Their origin is a different place than their place of living. Scientific study and results prove that some introduced species are a threat to the ecosystem in which they get transferred. More scientifically, Introduced species are â€Å"species that have become able to survive and reproduce outside the habitats they evolved or spread naturally† (Naylor, 2001). Species are introduced in a habitat usually while they are transported from one region to another. These introductions can be accidental or intentional. Intentional inductions by humans is done thinking that a certain group of species is some how beneficial to human beings. Invasive species are one sub group of introduced species that have an ill effect on their foreign ecosystem. They behave as pests (G. K. Meffe. 1998). These immigrants breed expand and develop at an exponential pace causing great damag e to the eco relations. Its effect is simply defined in three terms namely arrive, survive and thrive. There are many clauses for a species to become invasive. It has to find a suitable vector to transfer it from its habitat to another one. The climatic conditions of the new habitat must match closely with its previous habitat. It should be capable to survive in that habitat and also outperform the existing native species and has to start spreading throughout like a plague. (Townsend CR. 1991) Basically invasive species have a negative impact on the new ecosystem. Some of the characteristics for an invasive species are the mode of reproduction, Asexual as well as sexual reproduction, the ability to withstand a wide range of climatic conditions and the reproductive output. (Townsend CR. 1991) One of these species that is responsible for defoliation of trees is the Gypsy Moth. The Gypsy Moth The scientific name of gypsy moth is Lymantria dispar. It is commonly called as gypsy moth to symbolize its mobility, that is, the pace at which it covers an area and also European moth. It is of the order Lepidoptera, class insecta and phylum Arthropod. This moth has its origin basically from Europe, Asia and North Africa. (ent.msu.edu, 1997) The Gypsy Moth This moth has been introduced in the North America and East Coast in the year 1869. It was an intentional introduction of this moth. A French scientist named Lepold Trovelot who lived in Massachusetts has introduced this moth. He was experimenting different moths and silk worms for having better quality silk production (Forbush, 1896). He with the intension of breeding silk worms with other moths introduced the gypsy moth in North America. His experiment failed. Some of the moths brought by him

Marketing Planning and Strategy (Marketing Yourself)2 Assignment

Marketing Planning and Strategy (Marketing Yourself)2 - Assignment Example According to Parrish (2014), marketers always strive to create ‘needs’ for their customers because this strategy can assist marketers to make their products/services absolutely necessary to the targeted market segment. In contrast, consumers try to distinguish between their ‘needs and wants’ so as to make effective utilization of money. I do not think that marketers overlook the target market. Generally marketers develop specific policies and practices to market their products/services to the target market. Hence marketers cannot meet their goals once they fail to focus on the target market. I strongly believe that an exercise was carried out to identify the target market for this course because candidates are required to express their knowledge in marketing profession. I do believe that I will be more marketable on completing this course because it is comprehensive enough to provide me with an in-depth knowledge regarding the marketing profession. Parrish, J. (2014). Creating A Sense Of Urgency: Why Marketing Must Behave Like Sales. Forbes, Sep 1. Retrieved from

Downfall Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Downfall - Movie Review Example Traudi Junge, who is Hitler’s personal secretary and an individual who is not political, gives an account of the activities that take place in two weeks that begin on twentieth April 1945 that is also Adolf Hitler’s birthday. Traudi and a lot of other Nazi party leaders spend these two weeks in a bunker that belongs to the Fuhrer as they seek safety from the ongoing attack by the Russian troops who are getting further into Berlin. By the looks of how the Russian troops are getting further into Berlin, it is almost guaranteed that the Russians will win this war and be in control of Berlin as Germany loses the war. As this goes on, Hitler together with his army is contemplating on which course of action to take. While Hitler struggles with this decision, many are giving him the option of leaving Berlin or surrendering to the Russian troops, an action that apparently is going to save the lives of the large population of Germans who are civilians. Despite these calls by tho se around him, Hitler announces that Germany is going to be victorious and instructs all his advisers and the generals in his military to fight the Russians troops to death. The movie gives an account of the last days of Berlin, in which senior leaders in German including Goring and Himmler start to defect from their leader as they try to spare their lives. On the other hand, a leader like Joseph Goebbels gives a pledge to die fighting together with Hitler (Smith, 2010). Hitler takes his stand and does what he thinks stands for the political ideas.