Alas Babylon Critique :: essays research papers

CritiqueAlas Babylon, by Pat frank, is a story that revolves round the actions of a single idea, survival. This is reflected in his choice of the title in itself. It is a phrase that is repeated several times in the book, and brings a sense of uneasiness each time. These oral communication fix from a part of the Revelations of St. John, which describes the decadence of Babylon and the evils that surrounded it at the time (Pg.14-15). The characters in this book, countenance, and Randy Bragg, began using this phrase from a preacher that they used to listen to as kids. Randy and Mark never forgot preacher Henrys thundering, and from it, they borrowed their private synonym for disaster, real or comic, past or future (Pg.15). There is such a great pattern of impending death and desolation that awaits each character, which a city like Babylon is a perfect comparison to their world in which they live in. Babylon was once a city of many achievements and wonders, proving that they were far ahead of their time. This makes one wonder if it is possible that we are on the same path. Sometimes preacher Henry made Babylon sound like Miami, and sometimes like Tampa(Pg.14)The phrase in its self could mean that we have at last reached our point of no return, and that there is no way back, it seems like such a solemn and definite statement that there can be no way out, when Mark says to Randy, But if you hear Alas Babylon, youll know thats it,(Pg.16) he means it as a last resort for help or great destruction is coming. Mark knows that there is no choice but to prepare for war, and a message that strong can only be expressed by words that significant.There couldnt have been a better way to describe what the brothers were feeling at the time, two words Alas, Babylon. The title was taken from a text edition that had been read and reread, and had given many interpretations. In the bible, the name Babylon comes with a association of power and strength. Pat Frank wanted to conv ey that same feeling to the readers, so he used a city that couldnt be mistaken for anything else. Only few other events in history were as memorable as the fall of Babylon, so this means it has to be notorious.

Data Essay -- essays research papers

1. Data is something kn stimulate or assumed. It is anything that fits into a DSS and is valuable. Three examples are grades for a class, a picture of wallpaper, or word of mouth about a new product or company. 2. Words, pictures, and numbers. 3. Information is acquired data that is derived from data and anything that is summarized in numerical or graphical. Information is employ for "informing" some one about something. An example of information is a net income on a balance sheet, the average of grades for a class and a graph of how many people use a certain product. 4. Normative approach, subjective approach and realistic approach. The normative approach is when the DSS provides the information that a finding maker wants in order to make a particular decision. This states that the information should meet the guidelines for making the decision. The subjective approach is when the DSS has information that the designs thought would be useful. This does non mean that the in formation will be useful. The last approach, realistic, is when the designer asks if the decision maker will use this information or not. Each approach has its own useful data. The realistic approach is the better of all the approaches because it takes into account what the DSS will be used for and puts in the needed information. The other two approaches do not put in the information that is needed. 5. The characteristics of useful information is as follows Timeliness information is up to date and st...

Ethics and Accounting :: Finance Business Accountant Accountancy

Ethics and AccountingWhats ethics got to do with accounting? Everything Believe me,everything. When the word ethics is mentioned, what readily comes to mind is the questionof deciding amongst doing what is right and doing what is wrong. But doing what isright versus doing what is wrong within what context? The idealist will say thatdecisions of ethics should not be conditional. But it is not as simple as it sounds, forwhat constitutes right to one person, may be wrong to another person. What bridges the gap,guides, and clearly distinguishes the line between right and wrong in political,economic and social systems are traditions, culture, laws and regulations. Even then, whatis unethical may not necessarily be illegal, even though there exists a close birthbetween the two. These dynamics apply to almost every legal profession, accounting notexempted. This paper examines the issues of ethics in accounting. It also looks at thedifferences and similarities between monetary accounting to managerial accounting.IntroductionAccording to Marshall et al, (What the numbers mean, 2003)accounting involves identifying, measuring, and communicating economic teaching about anorganization for the purpose of making decisions and advised judgments. Thisdefinition clearly shows that there are stakeholders in the reading generated byaccountants. These include managers, shareholders, oversight and law enforcement agencies,and the general public. Since these entities rely on the reports generated byaccountants for small decision making, it is important that the information be reliable,objective, and presented in an easy to understand format. Ignoring or circumventing these valuesrenders the information generated unreliable. It can lead to devastatingconsequences as evidence by events which led to recent legislation such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Actwhich seeks to make top anxiety of organizations accountable for the financialstatement produced by their organizations through the internal controls they develop andenhance, and to oversee auditors who hitherto could have business interests other thanauditing in the organizations they were responsible for auditing.Financial versus Managerial accountingManagerial accounting refers to the management of company resourceswhile applying management accounting principles in decision making. Oneimportant characteristic of management accounting is that, it is internal to theorganization even though external information such as financial accounting reports willhave some amount of influence.Financial accounting refers to the identification, recording,computation, and reporting of financial information to users who may have a stake in theinformation reported. An important characteristic of this information is that it is gearedtowards users external to the company.A financial accountant generates information for externalconsumption. These products include the income statement, the balance sheet, the statement

Free Narrative Essays - Transcendentalism :: Example Personal Narratives

Transcendentalism   A whole month of being nice. From the start, I didnt think it was even humanly possible. Although I always try my wickedest to be pleasant, Im sarcastically witty by nature. This project, no matter how inspirational and uplifting it could be, would decidedly be no walk in the park. Nevertheless, I decided to persevere. Even if I ended up being a complete Transcendental failure, maybe Id still learn something along the way.   On the first day, I went for about twenty minutes before cracking a joke at my best friend. It wasnt anything out of the ordinary for me, but I actually stopped and thought about the possible consequences of my actions. Breakthrough I went for another twenty minutes, most likely, before making some sort of sneering comment, though. Oops.   In the month of Transcendentalism, I kept a journal. I made a Transcendentalism fact sheet and thumbtacked it to my wall. I may not give way tried my hardest every day, but I made an honest attempt. Overall, in a whole month, I may not have been completely self-made in becoming Transcendental. Depending on whom you ask, I may not have even made much progress in becoming even remotely Transcendental. In my opinion, though, I think it worked.   Why? you ask. Because, in the course of this project, I learned a lot about myself, my friends, and the way actions affect everyone around me. by means of this project, I realized the immensity of accepting other people for who they are, of letting go of anger, of trusting your own decisions, and of taking the initiative to change your life. In fact, thither was only one tenet of Transcendentalism - defying predestination by leading fate instead of being led by it - that I had a hard time believing, I think I gained a better understanding of why that thought is so important in life.   I doubt that I was any more than fifty percent successful in becoming truly Transcendental, but a change for the p ositive is an improvement from before. Ive recognized the importance in the little blessings in life. Having a loving family, a roof over my head, and living in an overall supportive environment are things that I would not necessarily have taken the time to appreciate and be thankful for before.

Philosophy of Education :: Philosophy of Teaching Statement

Philosophy of Education As a future educator, there are many pieces of knowledge that I anticipate to impart on my future students. I also believe that there are many different ways in which to give this knowledge. I relate myself mostly with the tender Re-Constructionists. They believe in a wide curriculum, covering more than the basics, which I feel is rattling important. One thing that I do find very important is practical educational experiences. As an elementary teacher, I will not get to see this put to much use, but I hope that my students will have future opportunities to complete internships, work-studies, and many other opportunities along those lines. I am also a very optimistic person when it comes to children and their abilities to learn. I firmly believe that every child can learn just as much as another, they just need to go at their aver pace and level. Today, too many teachers pass off children that learn slower as problems in their classroom. This is simply not the truth everyone should have equal opportunities to learn. I believe in giving children feed back. After they complete a test, I want to give them stickers and smiles for good grades, and sit down and talk with them astir(predicate) bad ones in order to see what we can do to fix the problem. I also want to be in constant contact with the parents, no way out how bothersome they are. I also enjoy change. It keeps things from becoming boring and repetitive. I would welcome other teachers and parents ideas to change my classroom and the way I gush it. I feel that too many people disagree with my philosophies, when they are things I feel like every teacher should believe in. These are the reasons I want to be an educator. I want to give kids a chance that may not have had one. I want children who have been told they are dullard to realize that it is the other persons insecurities, not their own problems. That is why I want to teach I want to teach children that no matter what they want to do, they can do it. My classroom will be very democratic. Everything, except for the basic rules, will be discussed with my students.

Philosophy of Education :: Philosophy of Teaching Statement

Philosophy of Education As a future educator, there are many pieces of knowledge that I hope to impart on my future students. I besides believe that there are many different slipway in which to give this knowledge. I relate myself mostly with the Social Re-Constructionists. They believe in a wide curriculum, covering more than the prefatorials, which I receive is very(prenominal) important. One thing that I do find very important is practical educational experiences. As an elementary teacher, I will non grab to see this put to often use, but I hope that my students will have future opportunities to complete internships, work-studies, and many other opportunities along those lines. I am also a very optimistic person when it comes to children and their abilities to learn. I firmly believe that every child can learn just as much as another, they just need to go at their own pace and level. Today, too many teachers pass off children that learn slower as problems in th eir classroom. This is simply not the truth everyone should have equal opportunities to learn. I believe in giving children feed back. After they complete a test, I require to give them stickers and smiles for good grades, and sit down and talk with them about bad ones in order to see what we can do to fix the problem. I also command to be in constant contact with the parents, no matter how bothersome they are. I also enjoy change. It keeps things from becoming boring and repetitive. I would pleasurable other teachers and parents ideas to change my classroom and the way I run it. I feel that too many people disagree with my philosophies, when they are things I feel like every teacher should believe in. These are the reasons I want to be an educator. I want to give kids a chance that may not have had one. I want children who have been told they are stupid to realize that it is the other persons insecurities, not their own problems. That is why I want to teach I want to teach child ren that no matter what they want to do, they can do it. My classroom will be very democratic. Everything, except for the basic rules, will be discussed with my students.

Wise Blood Character Annalysis- Enoch Emery

Wise Blood Character Evaluation Essay Enoch Emery In the book Wise Blood by Flannery OConnor, Enoch Emery is first introduced into the story in the third chapter when the main character. Emoch runs into the main character cob motes on the street in a crowd of spate surrounding a macrocosm selling potato peelers. Enoch is an eighteen years old and is described as a damp haired pimpled boy with icteric hair and a fox-shaped face. (pg. 5) We are quickly shown his lack of intelligence by his terrible grasp on the English language and him only laughing later being mocked by the peeler sales man.Enoch is an impulsive rude boy, who just does and says what he wants not thinking of the consequences of his actions. He makes new enemies everywhere. Mocking and snickering at waitresses, make inappropriate comments, getting himself called names like son of a bitch. More than anything he is just simple minded. He does these things because he does not think of consequences. He says there are no friendly people in the city, further he probably is just not giving anyone a good argue to be friendly towards him. Enoch is instantly drawn towards Hazel Motes by something he calls orthogonal origination. He claims he inherited wise blood from his father and that it tells him what to do and where to go. Enoch believes that his wise blood will come in handy to Hazel in his mission to start The Church Without Christ. Hazel just sees Enoch as an half-crazed obsessive teenage boy though and wants zero to do with him. Enoch tries to tag along with Hazel but is rejected by him immediately. However, soon after Hazel got rid of Enoch, he found himself having to go to his work at the city zoo to fetch him. Thinking that Enoch knew where to find the blind preacher and his daughter, Hazel resolute to follow him.Before Enoch brought Hazel to the preacher he had to show Hazel what he thought was a huge secret. One he could only tell somebody who he felt was the chosen one to share it with. This person had to be someone who he felt was pure and not from the city. He immediately knew it to be Hazel and felt he had to find a way to share what he knew with him. Enoch took Hazel to a museum that was through the woods from his work, tattle Hazel that he would not tell him where the preacher lived unless Hazel saw what Enoch wanted to show him.When they got inside Enoch told Hazel to be quiet as to not wake the defy who did not like Enoch very much. When they finally arrived where Enoch wanted to become Hazel it turned out that what he was showing Hazel was a three stern tall shrunken man in a glass case. See theter notice, Enoch said in a church whisper, pointing to a type written shake at the mans foot, it says he was once as tall as you or me. Some A-rabs did it to him in six months. He turned his point in time cautiously to see Hazel Motes. (pg. 94) Enoch believed that this was the new Christ that Hazel was searching to find for his Church Without Christ .When Hazel saw this however he wanted nothing to do with the shrunken man and stormed out. Although Enoch had told Hazel that he knew where the two of them lived it was a lie. However he went ahead anyway with Hazel, trying to rely on his wise blood to guide him. In the end they ended up not finding the blind preaches house, only filling Hazel with more hatred towards Enoch. Enochs blood was telling him that Hazel needed the shrunken man for his church without Christ so he knew he had to distract it from the museum.Enoch went to the museum with shoe polish practical application his face and hands so that if anyone were to see him they would suspect a colored man and not him. Enoch managed to steal the shrunken man without any witnesses. Enoch brought the man stem and put him carefully away, afraid to even look at it. He suspected that he would soon be rewarded for his actions. So he sat and waited, but nothing happened. Enoch waited longer, but still nothing happened. Finally he gave up, slamming the door to the cabinet the shrunken man was in, smashing its face.Since nobody saw him steal the shrunken man he could still possibly be a suspect so Enoch put on a hat and a mold beard and headed off to the address that Sabbath Hawks gave him to find Hazel Motes. When he got to the house Sabbath answered Hazels door saying that Hazel was ill and persuaded him to leave the case with her, not knowing that it was the shrunken man inside. My man is sick today and sleeping, she said, because he didnt sleep none close night. What you want? This is for him, it aint for you, Enoch said, handing her the wet bundle. A friend of his gave it to me to give to him. I dont know whats in it. Ill take care of it, she said. You neednt to fretting none (pg. 183) Enoch left slamming the door and condescension Enochs request not to open it and to deliver it directly to Hazel she brought it to the bathroom and started to tear open the package, despite Enochs wishes of her. Lat er Enoch discovers a line of children waiting to shake hands with a gorilla named Gonga, which is really just a man in a gorilla suit. Enoch, being the simple minded fool that he is, gets in line with all the small children.The children who are there to see a word-painting staring Gonga not just to shake hands with a fake gorilla, but Enoch wanted nothing to do with the movie, only wanting to shake the mans hand and trying each time to strike conversation but then being pushed aside. The man in the Gonga suit ends up telling Enoch to go to hell, this being the first time that anyone from the city reached out their hand to Enoch and then this being the reaction to potential conversation, Enoch was immediately crushed and storms off.Later Enoch is in a diner and reads that Gonga is going to be at another local theater so he tracks him down. Enoch climbs into the back of the van that Gonga arrived in, hid, and waited for them to leave. Once they finished they loaded up the van and lef t. Enoch stayed in the van until they came to a stop at a crossing where he jumped out holding the Gonga suit and ran off to the woods where he buries his human clothes and sets off into the night ready to meet people as his new identity of Gonga.Overjoyed Enoch feels that he is finally being rewarded as he should be. Enoch walks down to the edge of the road where he finds a man and woman sitting on a rock over looking the city. As he tries to greet them they scream and run off. Enochs hands drop to his sides and he is left alone in the dark looking out over the city. This is the last we ever hear from him for the rest of the story. One of Enochs main roles is Wise Blood is comic relief. He is pretty much the only character to bring humor to the story throughout the book.He is constantly making bad decisions and always trying to insult people everywhere he goes. He is also where the title of respect of the story comes from. Enoch is the only character in the book that actually clai ms to have wise blood, which he claims he inherited from his father who also had it. Enoch is clueless in life and the only important decisions he ever makes are ones he feels like he has no choice but to make since he feels his blood is telling him what to do, and it is almost impossible for him to ignore what the wise blood wants.

Jairo Morales Homwork

Lu is the person who handles looks after loan applications. 5 Mailman has announced that it will be intro icing _bringing out a new online payment system in the fall. 6 Can you check _ look up the bank reference code in the directory? 7 The organization has decided to advance bring forward the date for submitting tax returns. 8 The bank has refused _turned down my application for a loan. 9 The exact conditions are explained decorate out in detail in the contract. 10 You need to provide proof of identify before you an open _set up an account.C Choose two of the verbs from the advert below. How many phrasal verbs idler you make by combining them with the prepositions or adverbs from box 2? Check come cut fall get go look make pay put run settle Check out/ up fall down/ out Grammar Check 2 A The modals can, could, might, may, should, will, and shall are used to express different degrees of likelihood. Look at their use in the sentences below. In which of the three categories (a, b, or c) would you include them? A Possible b Impossible c Certain Customers cant withdraw more than $300 a day in cash. B 2 It can ask at least a month before a home loan is approved. _a 3 The insurance company will charge you for the whole year even if you dont deice to cancel after the first month. _ c 4 To cash a check for more than $200, clients may be asked to provide ID. _a 5 It could be severe to get your associates to agree to those conditions. A _ 6 We shall need written confirmation Of the transfer request. _c 7 You might find it more convenient to do your banking by phone. A_ 8 The bank wont cover overdrafts beyond the specified limit. C B Read the sentences and choose the correct answer (a or b). 1 It b take longer than two days to process your applications. A couldnt B shouldnt lend you an additional $ 1000 if you maintain your credit record. A can B wont 3 Theyve promised that all the paperwork a _ be ready before next week. A will B may 4 It be better to ask if you ca n repay the money in installments. A might shall 5 Im afraid that we _ a accept payment in cash. A cant B mightnt 6 The local anaesthetic bank closes at six so B should Conclusion be able to get there in time.A can Being weak in grammar poses a great challenge to ourselves, especially while writing and speaking. This often becomes a major problem. Nowadays most communication is through writing, be it address mails, proposals, invoices, quotations, or invites. People who are into advancing their careers, their businesses, and those on the lookout for personal enrichment have no choice but to polish their grammar, especially the tenses. This will project the communication gets understood correctly and avoid misunderstandings.

Irrational and Rational Decision Making

What is irrational and rational end making? Well first to understand what for each one on is individually, I believe that you should know what each word means separately. So according to meriam-webster. com, rational means, having reason or understanding (Rational, 2009) while irrational means, not endowed with reason or understanding. (Irrational, 2009). at long last but not least, from the Encarta. msn. com/dictionary, decision making, is the process of making choices or reaching conclusions, especially on important political or air matters. So what do all those definitions mean to you?To me, by these definitions, rational decision making is when a person has reason or understanding in reaching a trustworthy conclusion and just the opposite of that is irrational decision making, when a person is not able to come to a conclusion without reason or understanding. The differences atomic number 18 clearly stated, such as not having any reasons. versus having a reason for a concl usion For example, if the tiles are muddy, the most rational thing to do is to cut down the tiles. Your reason is that the tiles are muddy. I think that an irrational thing for a person to do is to sweep the tiles.If there is mud on tiles, its not the same as having sand on the tiles. The mud is wet therefore you would use a mop instead of a broom. With the broom, you could pick up dry particles such as sand. It would just make more sense, rather than using a broom to sweep mud when all you will be doing is thrust around something that is wet. Decision that was Once Reviewed to be Rational but Now is Irrational Back in the early 1700 and 1800s, lay marriages were part of the traditional and cultural beliefs that many families went through.Though arranged marriages happened in the United States, it was most likely to take place in the Southern States. Now, in the present day, though arranged marriages still happen in some cultures around the world, it is an irrational decision. ( Decision, 2008) Explanation why it Would be Considered Irrational Today It was considered to be rational back hence because it was the thought to keep the blood lineage of an aristocratic family line to stay pure. In order to make marriage agreements, there is sometimes certain business arrangements that were involved.Things such as, land, money, property, and or social status were utilise in order to make a marriage, other than what we presently do, which is to fall in love with a person. Now, in the present, most have the ability to choose the person they want to marry. ( consistent, n. d. ) Decision Theory Used I think the decision theory that was used in the original decision making is Satisficing. The theory postulates that decision makers compare these calculations and choose the course of action that maximizes expected utility. (Plous, 1993).In the earlier years, parents of children, made the decision to arrange their future marriages in hopes of receiving or being able to make a bang with another family. They chose a path in their lives which would then conform to their needs and wants. When doing so, their choice is far from being actually favorable. Instead of being able to marry someone you love and of your choice, back then, there were no opinions whether or not a person wanted to marry another. It was like you were born in order for the option of your parents to be able to make a deal with another family, just to get something out of having a child.Because arranged marriage is what was ideal for certain cultures, it turned into a custom that children soon taught their children and so on. ripe because you were taught and brought up learning something, doesnt necessarily mean that its always favorable for both you and your parents. To your parents, it could mean getting money, or being richer in a way, and to you, it could mean having nothing at all, no option. You are just put in a situation where you, as a child had no speculate in. Referen ces Arranged Marriage. (n. d. ). Retrieved February 18, 2009, from http//www. youth information. com/Templates/Internal. sp? NodeID=90221 Decision Making. (2008). Retrieved February 18, 2009, from http//encarta. msn. com/ dictionary_1861688906/decision-making. html Irrational. (2009). Retrieved February 18, 2009, from http//www. merriamwebster. com/dictionary/irrational Rational. (2009). Retrieved February 18, 2009, from http//www. merriamwebster. com/dictionary /rational Plous, S. (1993). The psychology of judgment & decision making, New York, McGraw Hill The History of Arranged Marriages in America. (2008). Retrieved February 18, 2009, from http//www. associatedcontent. com/article/787875/the_history_of_arranged

Project Report on K.W.H. Meters

A SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON K. W. H. METERS Prep ard by - Devesh Kumar, 303956 (3rd year) CONTENTS * Certificate * Ack noledgement * Introduction of training * Company write * Products of BENTEX * Quality Policy and processes of BENTEX * Electricity touchstone * Direct reliable (DC) * vary current (AC) * Unit of measurement * Others Unit of measurement * Types of steps 1. Electromechanical measures 2. Electronic metres * intercourse * Solid state design * Multiple tariff (variable site) meters * Domestic exercising * United kingdom Commercial usage * Appliance vitality meters * In office energy role display * Smart meters * Pre ease upment meters * Time of day metering * Power export metering * Ownership * Location * Customer drop and metering equation * Tempering and certificate * Self evaluation ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am very thankful to Mr. A. K. shrivastava (GM/ SPD) for providing Me the opportunity to undergo the practical training in the Systems Production Division (SP D) of SKN Bentex extra under the Supervision of Mr. S. C. Gupta (CM). They solely guided me from ime to fourth dimension and gave me dynamic ideas and suggestions by which I am able to complete my training successfully. I also scoop up to thank wholly the visible and non-visible hands, which helped me to complete the practical training with great success. Introduction of training Training is a process of evolveing. Training is an organized subroutine during which people learn knowledge and sk ailment for the definite purpose. It is a short-term process utilizing a systematic and organized procedure in which non-managerial personnel learn technical knowledge and skills for adefinite purpose.It refers to instruction in technical and mechanicaloperations like operation of a elevator car. It is for a short duration and for a item job related purpose. Training is very difficult from education. Training is vocational where as education is general. Training is job-oriented whereas education is person-oriented. However, it is difficult in practice to recognise between education and training because in many cases both of them occursimultaneously. The two be complementary and both involve developmentof talent and adult male potential. Generally, every level enquires training.Training is non nighthing that is done once to newborn employees it needs to be done continuously. Importance of training Training leads to higher productivity. It leads to erupt prime(a) of work. It leads to exist reduction. It leads to high motivation and morale of employees. The organizational climate gets improved. It leads to self-satisfaction of the employees. Supervision gets compactd. It leads to good cordial relation between employer and employee. It leads to development of new skills in the employees. Scope of summer trainingThis summer training programs ar intentional for the students to master their technical skills. this summer training should take the fo llowing objectives- * Correlate courses of contemplate with the way industry or potential work place operates its business or work using apply science. * work on implementing what has been learned in initiate or college. The engineering science and professional courses including MCA, B. E. , B. TECH, BCA amongst some other have undergraduates needing internship in fields of computer science, electrical and electronics, mechanical, civil, bio informatics, and so forthThe students for professional programs atomic number 18 commandd as a fate of courses to undergo a fewer weeks the individuals tastes by improving their experience and making them reach agood enough social club or workplace incisively in time. This training mess result in learning of open base technology as a user of technology. That technology can be applied to improve the college infra-structure. The objective of training in Modern Office Practice is togive a perspective about the organization and functi oning of all the aras of management in an industrial unit. Company profileA journey that started 46years back at BENTEX kelsons, today has reached new high in guests delight . During the old age ,it has achieved milestones one after the other and established its forte in Electrical Industry with widesp aim trust goodwill. Driven by the sheer passion , especial(a) foresight and acumen, Bentex has become a name to reckon with the flawless performance of products like starters, meters, MCBs and switchgear etc. These Products are manufactured in state-of-the-art plant and passed through and through stringent feeling ascendancy tests. Not to mention , Bentex products are rated among the best in industry.Little surprise that BENTEX KELSONS products have crossed barriers to reach all corners of India and also Sri Lank, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Nepal etc. The Other Strength of the partnership is its vast presence through 750strong dealers network, which enables the company to meet dema nds of any magnitude. At BENTEX KELSONS , The relentless pursuit is to exceed all expectations of customers. and that is then the inspiration behind its growth. Thriving on technology and innovation, we are an eminent manufacturer of premium quality precision components of plastic and rubber for tractors, automobile and engineering industry.We attri alonee our success to sharp business acumen and valuable experience of our work force. Durability, high precision, superior quality, consistent performance & smooth finish are the hallmark of our products. We have consistently increased our client base by meeting the client needs in terms of cost and performance goals. Our mould shop is equipped with fully automatic injection molding machines of gold coin, all plas and IHI make of various capacities. We have facilities for ultrasonic & hot plate join having our own tool room with Electra spark erosion machine to make moulds in-house.We are O. E. M to many automobile, auto electrical, tractor and other reputed manufacturers and wish to serve our clients by provideing custom molded rubber and plastic components of high precision and best quality. Name of CEO Mr. S. C. Gupta Year of Est. 1983 Primary Business Type Manufacturers & Exporters Products We furnish Impellers, Oil Seals, Plastic Automobile Components, Plastic Industrial Products, Plastic Tractor Parts, Rubber Bellows, Rubber Hose Pipes. Products of BENTEX Fly wheel * Reducton gear box * Pinion prevail * Straightening machine * Mill stand * Gear coupling * Roll * Foundation rail * Pusher and ejector * V belt pulley * Shearing machine * Rotary shear * Roller guide box and twist pipe * Bullet shearing * Pinch roll * Twisting machine * Gears * End peeled * Rotary shearing swivel * Universal couplings * Horizontal shearing Quality Policy / Processes SKN-BENTEX Group products are at the forefront of innovation in industrial and agricultural field for protection and control of Electric Motor.We are the pioneers and leaders in our field with latest international engineering products based on the orbits best technology since last four decades. SKN-BENTEX Group has a rich history of success, which has been achieved through dedication, teamwork and visionary thinking and sincere service of ostentation in result oriented performance. SKN-BENTEX Group has been continuously restructuring to set up state-of-the-art electrical products manufactured at their own plants under strict quality control ensample.In this thrust , to the highest degree of group companies adopted International Quality Standard and have been certified for ISO-9001 Certification and products are also available on ISI-Marked. The SKN-BENTEX Group of Companies engaged in wide range of products and has mainly three subgroups of electrical product range such as SKN, SKN Bentex Linger BENTEX-Linger with their separate products business line and SKN-BENTEX Group is a collection of smaller companies specialist in a specific range of products. Besides this SKN-BENTEX group engaged in the field of, LPG substructure Appliances, LPG Regulators, Building Construction and Export Activities.The complete manufacturing operation, marketing and installation Services of the company are certified under ISO 9001 2000. The company has Enunciated the following quality constitution to meet customer needs and expectations Through supply of quality products and services. BENTEX is committed to strive for leadership in the product marketed by the way of continuous improvements in the quality of its products and services and meeting the consumers needs in time and every time at a competitive Price.These shall be achieved through continuous upgrading of technology and process improvement by involving all the employees, vendors, dealers and customers. Quality is our staple business principle. Fact chart - Year of Establishment 1983 Nature of Business Manufacturer, Exporter Number of Employees 51 to 100 People Major Markets Indian Subcontinent, East Asia, Middle East and South East Asia Quality objective - * On time delivery of faulting free products. Providing effective customer support. * Continual improvement of processes. * Improvement of infrastructure. * Development of human resources. Electricity meter An electrical energy meter or energy meter is a device that measures the tot of electric energy consumed by a residence, business, or an electrically effected device. Electricity meters are typically calibrated in shooting units, the near common one being the kilowatt hour kWh. Periodic schoolings of electric meters establishes billing cycles and energy utilise during a cycle.In settings when energy savings during certain bounds are desired, meters whitethorn measure demand, the maximum use of power in some interval. Time of day metering allows electric rates to be changed during a day, to record usage during peak high-cost periods and off-peak, lower-cost, periods. Also, i n some areas meters have relays for demand response shedding of vitiates during peak interference periods. (analog electricity meter regular North American domestic) (Typical North American domestic chassisal electricity meter) Direct current (DC)As commercial use of electric energy sp accept in the 1880s, it became increasingly important that an electric energy meter, kindred to the then existing gas meters, was required to properly bill customers for the cost of energy, instead of billing for a watched hail of lamps per month. Many experimental symbols of meter were developed. Edison at first worked on a DC electromechanical meter with a direct reading scan, but instead developed an electrochemical metering system, which used an electrolytic cell to combine current consumption.At periodic intervals the plates were removed, weighed, and the customer billed. The electrochemical meter was labor-intensive to read and not well received by customers. In 1885 Ferranti offered a mercury motor meter with a register similar to gas meters this had the advantage that the consumer could easy read the meter and verify consumption. The first accurate, recording electricity consumption meter was a DC meter by Dr Hermann Aaron, who patented it in 1883. Hugo Hurst of the British General Electric Company introduced it commercially into Great Britain from 1888. pulses had been used prior to this, but they measured the rate of energy consumption at that particular moment, i. e. the electric power. Aarons meter recorded the center energy used oer time, and showed it on a series of clock dials. In the USA, Elcho Thomson perfected his recording wattmeter in 1889. Alternating current (AC) The first specimen of the AC kilowatt-hour meter produced on the basis of Hungarian Baths patent and named after him was presented by the Ganz Works at the Frankfurt bewitching in the autumn of 1889, and the first induction kilowatt-hour meter was already marketed by the factory at the end of the same year.These were the first alternating-current watt meters, known by the name of Blathy-meters. The AC kilowatt hour meters used at present operate on the same principle as Blathys original invention, Also almost 1889, Elihu Thomson of the American General Electric company developed a recording watt meter (watt-hour meter) based on an ironless commentator motor. This meter overcame the disadvantages of the electrochemical type and could operate on either alternating or direct current.In 1894 Oliver Shallenberger of the Westinghouse Electric Corporation applied the induction principle previously used, single in AC ampere-hour meters to produce a watt-hour meter of the modern electromechanical form, using an induction disk whose rotational speed was made proportional to the power in the circuit. The Blathy meter was similar to Shallenberger and Thomson meter in that they are two-phase motor meter. Although the induction meter would only work on alternating current, i t eliminated the delicate and troublesome commutator of the Thomson design.Shallenberger fell ill and was unable to refine his initial large and heavy design, although he did also develop a polyphase version. Unit of measurement (Panel-mounted solid state electricity meter, affiliated to a 2 MVA electricity substation. Remote current and potential drop sensors can be read and programmed contradictoryly by modem and locally by infra-red. The forget me drug with two dots is the infra-red port. Tamper-evident seals can be seen) Panel-mounted solid state electricity meter, connected to a 2 MVA electricity substation. Remote current and potency sensors can be read and programmed remotely by modem and locally by infra-red.The circle with two dots is the infra-red port. Tamper-evident seals can be seen. The most common unit of measurement on the electricity meter is the kilowatt hour kWh, which is equal to the amount of energy used by a load of one kilowatt over a period of one hour, or 3,600,000 joules. Some electricity companies use the SI mega joule instead. Demand is usually measured in watts, but averaged over a period, most ofttimes a quarter or half hour. Reactive owner is measured in thousands of volt-ampere reactive-hours, (kvarh). By convention, a dawdle or inducive load, such as a motor, will have positive reactive power.A leading, or capacitive load, will have negative reactive power. Volt-amperes measures all power passed through a distribution network, including reactive and actual. This is equal to the product of root-mean-square volts and amperes. Distortion of the electric current by loads is measured in some(prenominal) ways. Power factor is the ratio of resistive (or real power) to volt-amperes. A capacitive load has a leading power factor, and an inductive load has a lagging power factor. A purely resistive load (such as a filament lamp, heater or kettle) exhibits a power factor of 1.Current harmonics are a measure of distortion of the wa ve form. For example, electronic loads such as computer power supplies draw their current at the voltage peak to strike their internal storage elements. This can lead to a significant voltage drop near the supply voltage peak which shows as a flattening of the voltage waveform. This flattening causes odd harmonics which are not permissible if they exceed specific limits, as they are not only wasteful, but whitethorn interfere with the operation of other equipment. Harmonic emissions are mandated by law in EU and other countries to fall within specified limits.Other units of measurement In addition to metering based on the amount of energy used, other types of metering are available. quantitys which measured the amount of charge (coulombs) used, known as ampere-hour meters, were used in the early days of electrification. These were dependent upon the supply voltage remaining continual for accurate measurement of energy usage, which was not a likely circumstance with most supplies . Some meters measured only the length of time for which charge flowed, with no measurement of the magnitude of voltage or current being made.These were only suited for constant-load applications. Neither type is likely to be used today. Types of meters Electricity meters operate by continuously measuring the instantaneous voltage (volts) and current (amperes) and finding the product of these to give instantaneous electrical power (watts) which is then integrated against time to give energy used (joules, kilowatt-hours etc. ). Meters for smaller services (such as small residential customers) can be connected directly in-line between source and customer.For larger loads, more than about 200 ampere of load, current transformers are used, so that the meter can be located other than in line with the service conductors. The meters fall into two basic categories, electromechanical and electronic. Electromechanical meters The most common type of electricity meter is the electromechanical induction watt-hour meter. The electromechanical induction meter operates by counting the revolutions of an aluminum disc which is made to rotate at a speed proportional to the power. The flake of revolutions is thus proportional to the energy usage.The voltage coil consumes a small and relatively constant amount of power, typically around 2 watts which is not registered on the meter. The current coil similarly consumes a small amount of power in proportion to the square of the current flowing through it, typically up to a couple of watts at full load, which is registered on the meter. The metallic disc is acted upon by two coils. One coil is connected in such a way that it produces a magnetized flux in proportion to the voltage and the other produces a magnetic flux in proportion to the current. The field of the voltage coil is delayed by 90 degrees using a lag coil.This produces eddy currents in the disc and the effect is such that a force is exerted on the disc in proportion t o the product of the instantaneous current and voltage. A permanent magnet exerts an opposing force proportional to the speed of rotation of the disc. The symmetry between these two opposing forces results in the disc rotating at a speed proportional to the power being used. The disc drives a register appliance which integrates the speed of the disc over time by counting revolutions, much like the odometer in a car, in order to render a measurement of the total energy used over a period of time.The type of meter described above is used on a star-phase AC supply. Different phase configurations use additional voltage and current coils. (Mechanism of electromechanical induction meter. 1 Voltage coil many turns of fine wire incased in plastic, connected in parallel with load. 2 Current coil three turns of thick wire, connected in series with load. 3 Stator concentrates and enclosure magnetic field. 4 Aluminum rotor disc. 5 rotor brake magnets. 6 spindle with worm gear. 7 display dials note that the 1/10, 10 and 1000 dials rotate clockwise while the 1, 100 and 10000 dials rotate counter-clockwise)Three-phase electromechanical induction meter, metering 100 A 230/400 V supply. Horizontal aluminum rotor disc is visible in center of meter. The aluminum disc is supported by a spindle which has a worm gear which drives the register. The register is a series of dials which record the amount of energy used. The dials may be of the cyclometer type, an odometer-like display that is easy to read where for each dial a single digit is shown through a window in the panorama of the meter, or of the pointer type where a pointer indicates each digit.With the dial pointer type, adjacent pointers mainly rotate in opposite directions due to the adapt mechanism. The amount of energy represented by one revolution of the disc is denoted by the symbol which is precondition in units of watt-hours per revolution. The value 7. 2 is commonly seen. Using the value of , one can determine their power consumption at any given time by timing the disc with a stopwatch. If the time in seconds taken by the disc to complete one revolution is , then the power in watts is . For example, if , as above, and one revolution took place in 14. seconds, the power is 1800 watts. This method can be used to determine the power consumption of household devices by switching them on one by one. Most domestic electricity meters must be read manually, whether by a representative of the power company or by the customer. an odometer-like display that is easy to read where for each dial a single digit is shown through a window in the face of the meter, or of the pointer type where a pointer indicates each digit. With the dial pointer type, adjacent pointers generally rotate in opposite directions due to the gearing mechanism.Where the customer reads the meter, the reading may be supplied to the power company by telephone, post or over the internet. The electricity company will n ormally require a visit by a company representative at least annually in order to verify customer-supplied readings and to make a basic safety check of the meter. In an induction type meter, creep is a phenomenon that can adversely affect accuracy, that occurs when the meter disc rotates continuously with potential applied and the load terminals open circuited. A test for error due to creep is called a creep test. Three-phase electromechanical induction meter, metering 100 A 230/400 V supply. Horizontal aluminum rotor disc is visible in center of meter) Electronic meters Electronic meters display the energy used on an LCD or LED display, and can also transmit readings to remote places. In addition to measuring energy used, electronic meters can also record other parameters of the load and supply such as maximum demand, power factor and reactive power used etc. They can also support time-of-day billing, for example, recording the amount of energy used during on-peak and off-peak hour s. Basic block diagram of an electronic energy meter) Communication Remote meter reading is a practical example of telemetry. It saves the cost of a human meter reader and the resulting mistakes, but it also allows more measurements, and remote provisioning. Many smart meters now include a switch to part or restore service. Historically, rotating meters could report their power information remotely, using a pair of contact closures attached to a KYZ line. A KYZ interface is a figure of quadrature encoder. In a KYZ interface, the Y and Z wires are switch contacts, shorted to K for half of a rotors circumference.To measure the rotor direction, the Z signal is offset by 90 degrees from the Y. When the rotor rotates in the opposite direction, showing export of power, the sequence reverses. The time between pulses measures the demand. The number of pulses is total power usage. KYZ outputs were historically attached to totalize relays feeding a totalize so that many meters could be read all at once in one place. KYZ outputs are also the pure way of attaching electric meters to programmable logic controllers, HVACs or other control systems.Some modern meters also supply a contact closure that warns when the meter detects a demand near a higher electricity tariff, to improve demand side management. Some meters have an open collector output that gives 32-100 ms pulses for a constant amount of used electrical energy. Usually 1000-10000 pulses per kWh. Output is limited to max 27 V DC and 27 mA DC. The output usually follows the clamor 43864 cadence. Often, meters designed for semi-automated reading have a serial port on that communicates by infrared LED through the faceplate of the meter.In some apartment buildings, a similar protocol is used, but in a equip bus using a serial current loop to connect all the meters to a single plug. The plug is ofttimes near the mailboxes. In the European Union, the most common infrared and protocol is FLAG, a simplified subset of mode C of IEC 61107. In the U. S. and Canada, the favored infrared protocol is ANSI C12. 18. Some industrial meters use a protocol for programmable logic controllers (Modbus). One protocol proposed for this purpose is DLMS/COSEM which can operate over any medium, including serial ports.The data can be transmitted by Zigbee, Wi-Fi, telephone lines or over the power lines themselves. Some meters can be read over the internet. Other more modern protocols are also becoming widely used. Electronic meters now use low-power radio, GSM, GPRS, Bluetooth, IrDA, as well as RS-485 wired link. The meters can now store the entire usage profiles with time stamps and relay them at a click of a button. The demand readings stored with the profiles accurately indicate the load requirements of the customer.This load profile data is processed at the utilities for billing and planning purposes. AMR (Automatic Meter Reading) and RMR (Remote Meter Reading) describe various systems that allow meters to be checked without the need to send a meter reader out. An electronic meter can transmit its readings by telephone line or radio to a primal billing office. Automatic meter reading can be done with GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) modems, one is attached to each meter and the other is move at the central utility office. Solid-state designAs in the block diagram, the meter has a power supply, a metering engine, a processing and discourse engine (i. e. a microcontroller), and other add-on modules such as RTC, LCD display, communication ports/modules and so on. The metering engine is given the voltage and current inputs and has a voltage reference, samplers and quantizes followed by an ADC portion to yield the digitized equivalents of all the inputs. These inputs are then processed using a Digital Signal Processor to calculate the various metering parameters such as powers, energies etc.The largest source of long-term errors in the meter is drift in the preamp, followed b y the precision of the voltage reference. Both of these vary with temperature as well, and vary wildly because most meters are outdoors. Characterizing and compensating for these is a major part of meter design. The processing and communication section has the obligation of calculating the various derived quantities from the digital values generated by the metering engine. This also has the responsibility of communication using various protocols and interface with other add-on modules connected as slaves to it.RTC and other add-on modules are attached as slaves to the processing and communication section for various input/output functions. On a modern meter most if not all of this will be implemented internal the microprocessor, such as the Real Time Clock (RTC), LCD controller, temperature sensor, memory and analog to digital converters. (Solid state electricity meter used in a home in the Netherlands) Multiple tariff (variable rate) meters Electricity retailers may wish to charg e customers different tariffs at different times of the day to better bounce the costs of generation and transmission.Since it is typically not cost effective to store significant amounts of electricity during a period of low demand for use during a period of high demand, costs will vary significantly depending on the time of day. Low cost generation capacity (base load) such as atomic can take many hours to start, meaning a surplus in times of low demand, whereas high cost but flexible generating capacity (such as gas turbines) must be kept available to respond at a moments notice (spinning reserve) to peak demand, perhaps being used for a few minutes per day, which is very expensive.Some multiple tariff meters use different tariffs for different amounts of demand. These are usually industrial meters. Domestic usage Domestic variable-rate meters generally permission two to three tariffs (peak, off-peak and shoulder) and in such installations a simple electromechanical time switc h may be used. Historically, these have often been used in conjunction with electrical storage heaters or hot water storage systems. Multiple tariffs are made easier by time of use (TOU) meters which incorporate or are connected to a time switch and which have multiple registers.Switching between the tariffs may happen via a radio-activated switch sooner than a time switch to prevent tampering with a sealed time switch to obtain cheaper electricity. United Kingdom Radio-activated switching is common in the UK, with a shadowly data signal sent within the long wave carrier of BBC Radio 4, 198kHz. The time of off-peak charging is usually seven hours between midnight and 7. 00am GMT, and this is designed to power storage heaters and immersion heaters. In the UK, such tariffs are branded Economy 7 or White Meter.The popularity of such tariffs has declined in recent years, at least in the domestic market, due to the (perceived or real) deficiencies of storage heaters and the comparativel y low cost of native gas. An Economy 10 meter is also available, full-grown five hours of heating overnight, with boosts in mid-morning and mid-afternoon. Most meters using Economy 7 switch the entire electricity supply to the cheaper rate during the 7 hour night time period, not just the storage heater circuit. The downside of this is that he daytime rate will be significantly higher, and standing charges may be a little higher too. For instance, normal rate electricity may be 9p per kWh, whereas Economy 7s daytime rate might be 14 to 17 p per kWh, but only 5. 43p per kWh at night. Timer switches installed on washing machines, tumble dryers, dishwashers and immersion heaters may be set so that they switch on only when the rate is lower. (Economy 7 Meter and Teleswitcher) Commercial usage Large commercial and industrial expound may use electronic meters which record power usage in blocks of half an hour or less.This is because most electricity grids have demand surges throughout the day, and the power company may wish to give legal injury incentives to large customers to reduce demand at these times. These demand surges often correspond to meal times or, famously, to advertisements in popular television programmers. Appliance energy meters mountain in electricity meters (or Plug load meters) measure energy used by individual appliances. There are a variety of models available on the market today but they all work on the same basic principle.The meter is plugged into an outlet, and the appliance to be measured is plugged into the meter. much(prenominal) meters can help in energy conservation by identifying major energy users, or devices that consume excessive standby power. A power meter can often be borrowed from the local power authorities or a local public library. In-home energy use displays A potentially puissant means to reduce household energy consumption is to provide convenient real-time feedback to users so they can change their energy using be havior. Recently, low-cost energy feedback displays have become available.A study using a consumer-readable meter in 500 Ontario homes by Hydro One showed an average 6. 5% drop in total electricity use when compared with a similarly sized control group. Hydro One subsequently offered free power monitors to 30,000 customers based on the success of the pilot. Projects such as Google Power Meter, take information from a smart meter and make it more readily available to users to help encourage conservation. Smart meters Smart meters go a step further than simple AMR (automatic meter reading).They offer additional functionality including a real-time or near real-time reads, power outage notification, and power quality monitoring. They allow price setting agencies to introduce different prices for consumption based on the time of day and the season. These price differences can be used to reduce peaks in demand (load shifting or peak lopping), reducing the need for additional power plants and in particular the higher polluting and costly to operate natural gas powered piker plants. The feedback they provide to consumers has also been shown to cut overall energy consumption.Another type of smart meter uses nonintrusive load monitoring to automatically determine the number and type of appliances in a residence, how much energy each uses and when. This meter is used by electric utilities to do surveys of energy use. It eliminates the need to put timers on all of the appliances in a house to determine how much energy each uses. Prepayment meters The standard business model of electricity retailing involves the electricity company billing the customer for the amount of energy used in the previous month or quarter.In some countries, if the retailer believes that the customer may not pay the bill, a prepayment meter may be installed. This requires the customer to make advance payment before electricity can be used. If the available doctrine is feeble then the supply of el ectricity is cut off by a relay. (Prepayment meter and magnetic stripe tokens, from a rented accommodation in the UK. The button tagged A displays information and statistics such as current tariff and remaining credit. The button labeled B activates a small amount of emergency credit should the customer run out)In the UK, mechanical prepayment meters used to be common in rented accommodation. Disadvantages of these included the need for regular visits to remove cash, and risk of theft of the cash in the meter. Modern solid-state electricity meters, in conjunction with smart cards, have removed these disadvantages and such meters are commonly used for customers considered to be a lamentable credit risk. In the UK, one system is the Pay Point network, In some cases, prepayment meters have not been accepted by customers.There are various groups, such as the Standard Transfer Specification (STS) association, which promote common standards for prepayment metering systems across manufac turers. where rechargeable tokens (Quantum cards for natural gas, or plastic keys for electricity) can be soaked with whatever money the customer has available. Recently smartcards are introduced as much reliable tokens that allows two way data exchange between meter and the utility. (A prepayment key) In South Africa, Sudan and Northern Ireland prepaid meters are recharged by entering a unique, encoded twenty digit number using a keypad.This makes the tokens, essentially a parapraxis of paper, very cheap to produce. Around the world, experiments are going on, especially in developing countries, to test pre-payment systems. In some cases, prepayment meters have not been accepted by customers. There are various groups, such as the Standard Transfer Specification (STS) association, which promote common standards for prepayment metering systems across manufacturers. Prepaid meters using the STS standard are used in many countries. Time of day meteringTime of twenty-four hour period metering (TOD), also known as Time of Usage (TOU) or Seasonal Time of Day (SToD), metering involves dividing the day, month and year into tariff slots and with higher rates at peak load periods and low tariff rates at off-peak load periods. While this can be used to automatically control usage on the part of the customer (resulting in automatic load control), it is often simply the customers responsibility to control his own usage, or pay accordingly (voluntary load control). This also allows the utilities to plan their transmission infrastructure appropriately.See also Demand-side Management (DSM). TOD metering normally splits rates into an array of multiple segments including on-peak, off-peak, mid-peak or shoulder, and critical peak. A typical arrangement is a peak occurring during the day (non-holiday days only), such as from 1 pm to 9 pm Monday through Friday during the summer and from 630 am to 12 noon and 5 pm to 9 pm during the winter. More complex arrangements include the use of critical peaks which occur during high demand periods. The times of peak demand/cost will vary in different markets around the world.Large commercial users can purchase power by the hour using either forecast pricing or real time pricing. Prices range from we pay you to take it (negative) to $1000/MWh (100 cents/kWh). Some utilities allow residential customers to pay hourly rates, such as Illinois, which uses day ahead pricing. Power export metering Many electricity customers are installing their own electricity generating equipment, whether for reasons of economy, redundancy or environmental reasons. When a customer is generating more electricity than required for his own use, the surplus may be exported back to the power grid.Customers that generate back into the grid usually must have special equipment and safety devices to protect the grid components (as well as the customers own) in case of faults (electrical short circuits) or maintenance of the grid (say voltage potent ial on a downed line going into an exporting customers facility). This exported energy may be accounted for in the simplest case by the meter running backwards during periods of net export, thus reducing the customers recorded energy usage by the amount exported.This in effect results in the customer being paid for his/her exports at the full retail price of electricity. Unless equipped with a detent or equivalent, a standard meter will accurately record power flow in each direction by simply running backwards when power is exported. such meters are no longer legal in the UK, but instead a meter capable of separately measuring imported and exported energy is required. Where allowed by law, utilities maintain a profitable margin between the price of energy delivered to the consumer and the rate credited for consumer-generated energy that flows back to the grid.Lately, upload sources typically originate from renewable sources (e. g. , wind turbines, photovoltaic cells), or gas or ste am turbines, which are often found in cogeneration systems. Another potential upload source that has been proposed is plug-in hybridization car batteries (vehicle-to-grid power systems). This requires a smart grid, which includes meters that measure electricity via communication networks that require remote control and give customers timing and pricing options.Vehicle-to-grid systems could be installed at workplace parking lots and garages and at park and rides and could help drivers charge their batteries at home at night when off-peak power prices are cheaper, and receive bill crediting for selling excess electricity back to the grid during high-demand hours. Ownership Following the deregulation of electricity supply markets in many countries (e. g. , UK), the company responsible for an electricity meter may not be obvious.Depending on the arrangements in place, the meter may be the property of the meter Operator, electricity distributor, the retailer or for some large users of e lectricity the meter may belong to the customer. The company responsible for reading the meter may not always be the company which owns it. Meter reading is now sometimes subcontracted and in some areas the same person may read gas, water and electricity meters at the same time. Location The posture of an electricity meter varies with each installation. Possible locations include on a utility pole serving the property, in a street-side abinet (meter box) or inside the premises adjacent to the consumer unit / distribution board. Electricity companies may prefer external locations as the meter can be read without gaining access to the premises but external meters may be more prone to vandalism. (Current transformers used as part of metering equipment for three-phase 400 A electricity supply. The fourth neutral wire does not require a current transformer because current cannot flow in this wire without also flowing in one of the three phase wires) Current transformers license the mete r to be located remotely from the current-carrying conductors.This is common in large installations. For example a substation serving a single large customer may have metering equipment installed in a cabinet, without bringing heavy cables into the cabinet. Customer drop and metering equation Since electrical standards vary in different regions, customer drops from the grid to the customer also vary depending on the standards and the type of installation. There are several common types of associations between a grid and a customer. Each type has a different metering equation. Customer supplies may be single-phase or three-phase.In the United States and Canada, three-wire single phase is common for residential and small commercial customers. Three phase supplies may be three wire, or four wire (with a system neutral). Blondels theorem states that for any system with N current-carrying conductors, that N-1 measuring elements are sufficient to measure electrical energy. This indicates that different metering is needed, for example, for a three-phase three-wire system than for a three-phase four-wire (with neutral) system. In North America, it is common for electricity meters to plug into a standardized socket outdoors, on the side of a building.This allows the meter to be replaced without disturbing the wires to the socket, or the occupant of the building. Some sockets may have a bypass while the meter is removed for service. The amount of electricity used without being recorded during this small time is considered insignificant when compared to the inconvenience which might be caused to the customer by cutting off the electricity supply. Most electronic meters in North America use a serial protocol. In many other countries the supply and load terminals are in the meter living accommodations itself. Cables are connected directly to the meter.In some areas the meter is outside, often on a utility pole. In others, it is inside the building in a niche. If inside, it may share a data connection with other meters. If it exists, the shared connection is often a small plug near the post box. The connection is often EIA-485 or infra-red with a serial protocol such as IEC 62056. In 2010, networking to meters is rapidly changing. The most common schemes seem to combine an existing national standard for data (e. g. ANSI C12. 19 or IEC 62056) operating via the internet protocol with a small circuit board that does either power line communication, or ties to a digital mobile phone network. A commercial power meter) Tampering and security Meters can be manipulated to make them under-register, effectively allowing power use without remunerative for it. This theft or fraud can be dangerous as well as dishonest. Power companies often install remote-reporting meters specifically to enable remote detection of tampering, and specifically to discover energy theft. The change to smart power meters is useful to stop energy theft. When tampering is detected, th e normal tactic, legal in most areas of the USA, is to switch the subscriber to a tampering tariff charged at the meters maximum designed current.At US$ 0. 095/kWh, a standard residential 50A meter causes a legally collectible charge of about US$ 5,000. 00 per month. Meter readers are trained to spot signs of tampering, and with crude mechanical meters, the maximum rate may be charged each billing period until the tamper is removed, or the service is disconnected. A common method of tampering on senior(a) meters is to attach magnets to the outside of the meter. These magnetically saturate the coils or current transformers, preventing the alternating current from forming eddy currents in the rotor, or inducing voltages in the current transformer.Rectified DC loads cause mechanical (but not electronic) meters to under-register. DC current does not cause the coils to make eddy currents in the disk, so this causes reduced rotation and a lower bill. Some combinations of capacitive and i nductive load can interact with the coils and mass of a rotor and cause reduced or reverse motion. The owner of the meter normally secures the meter against tampering. Revenue meters mechanisms and connections are sealed. Meters may also measure VAR-hours (the reflected load), neutral and DC currents (elevated by most electrical tampering), ambient magnetic fields, etc.Even simple mechanical meters can have mechanical flags that are dropped by magnetic tampering or large DC currents. Newer computerized meters usually have counter-measures against tampering. AMR (Automated Meter Reading) meters often have sensors that can report opening of the meter cover, magnetic anomalies, extra clock setting, glued buttons, A common method of tampering on older meters is to attach magnets to the outside of the meter. These magnetically saturate the coils or current transformers, preventing the alternating current from forming eddy currents in the rotor, or inducing voltages in the current transfo rmer.When tampering is detected, the normal tactic, legal in most areas of the USA, is to switch the subscriber to a tampering tariff charged at the meters maximum designed current. At US$ 0. 095/kWh, a standard residential 50A meter causes a legally collectible charge of about US$ 5,000. 00 per month. Meter readers are trained to spot signs of tampering, and with crude. inverted installation, reversed or switched phases etc. (A Duke Energy technician removes the tamper-proof seal from a electricity meter at a residence in Durham, north Carolina)Some tampers bypass the meter, wholly or in part. Safe tampers of this type normally increase the neutral current at the meter. Most split-phase residential meters in the United States are unable to detect neutral currents. However, modern tamper-resistant meters can detect and bill it at standard rates. Disconnecting a meters neutral connector is insecure because shorts can then pass through people or equipment rather than a metallic ground to the generator. A phantom loop connection via an earth ground is often much higher resistance than the metallic neutral connector. Even in hese cases, metering at the substation can alert the operator to tampering. Substations, interties and transformers normally have a high-accuracy meter for the area served. Power companies normally investigate discrepancies between the total billed and the total generated, in order to find and fix power distribution problems. These investigations are an effective method to discover tampering. In North America power thefts are often connected with indoor marijuana grow operations. Narcotics detectives associate abnormally high power usage with the lighting such operations require.Indoor marijuana growers aware of this are particularly motivated to dislocate electricity simply to conceal their usage of it. Self evaluation This 42 days Industrial Training has led me to understand the various designing, assembling and the manufacturing processes of equipments in the industry, BENTEX. It has also enhanced my knowledge about the functioning and management of an industry, which I am sure, will be beneficial to me in my career. Regards, Name Devesh Kumar Roll no. 303956 Branch Digital electronics (3rd year) Institute C. R. R. I. T.

Ethics of Marketing to Schools in America Essay

Public schools across America are struggling with their budgets and looking to outside corporations for help. Conveniently, private corporations realize the potential buying power of students and imbibe indomitable that elementary schools are the best channel to reach them. It has make routine for corporations to securities indus turn out there products in schools, and in exchange these schools receive various m wizardtary benefits. This new partnership has become the focus of much controversy as 80% of Americans olfactory perception that corporations should acquit no place in schools ().The two approximately cited concerns are the wellness of children and the growing mercantileization of schools. This paper looks at this issue in detail by answering the following two questions. Is it ethical for corporations to market products in schools? What is the most favorablely responsible course of action for corporations to take? This paper will use a utilitarian and distributive j ustice manakin to prove that selling in schools is unethical and propose that the most ethical arrangement is to make schools commercial- plain zones.This paper will also discuss the issue of corporeal social responsibility through shareholder and stakeholder lenses to prove that there is a strong craft case for corporations to? Children in schools are marketed to in a anatomy of ways. Schools can participate in incentive programs where a school receives funds to take part in a specific activity such as collecting box tops (). Some corporations offer turn educational materials to schools that press their corporate message. Pepsi encourages a thirst for knowledge on a habitual textbook cover().Each year over half of the students in schools in the United States receive free textbook covers(). McDonalds, Burger King and Dominos sponsor rendering projects in schools with free meals(). Other schools receive free electronic equipment like computers and satellites for participati ng in programs like channel one. This is an arrangement where school receive free electronic equipment for having their students watch a 10 minute broadcast of which 2 minutes are corporate sponsored commercials (). All of these marketing techniques pose there feature unique ethical dilemmas, until now the most controversial type of marketing in schools today is the useof exclusive agreements. This is when corporations give schools a per centumage of their bread in exchange for the right to be the sole provider of a product or a service(). The most prominent example of this is the soft subscribe come with, coca-Cola and their exclusive distribution rights with schools. As a result, Coca-Cola advertisements have become the most visible types of advertisements in schools today (). A US National School wellness Policies study found that students could purchase soft drinks in 60% of elementary schools and 83% of middle schools ().Of these schools over 85% were beneath an exclusi ve contract with the Coca-Cola confederacy (). For the aforementioned reasons the remainder of this paper will use the soft drink giant Coca Cola as a symbol to make it easier to conceive the larger debate of marketing in elementary schools. A deontological good example can not crack whether this issue is ethical or unethical. In 1990 under $100 million was spent on advertising targeted at kids, just a decade later that number was up more(prenominal) than twenty multiplication to over $2 billion (). This large increase in spending indicates that there is a strong motivation for corporations to market to youth.One way to determine if marketing in schools is ethical is to deconstruct these motivations through a deontological framework. The motivation for companies to market in schools could be a philanthropic opportunity to contribute to education. However, I do not conceptualize this because companies like Coca-Cola make schools sign exclusive agreements, which means that they block competition and are profitable. I believe the main origin for companies to market to youth is to make money. selling to students in schools is an effective strategy as it reaps both short and long term rewards.Children in elementary schools have a lot of spending power. Kids ages 4-12 spend $40 billion each year (). Furthermore, these same kids influence $600 billion of household spending (). It is wise for companies to try to earn a share of this large market. Surprisingly, the sales of sodas in schools account for a miniscule slice of soda sales worldwide, less than 1 percent of sodas 66billion dollar industry (). Clearly profit in the short run is not the main motivating factor for companies like Coca-Cola. Marketing in public elementary school promises long run benefits.Soft drink companies can create brand loyalty with their consumers at an early age. In other words, they foster and retain a captive audience for its products. If you consider the cutthroat competition a mong soft drink makers for customers, this brand loyalty becomes a life-sustaining business pursuit. A deontological framework can better help us deconstruct the ehics of marketing to youth purely for financial reasons. Specifically, this paper will make use of some of W. D. Ross duties. It can be argued that marketing in schools violates the business of non-malefiicence (to do no harm).Some children will substitute a nutritious meal for a sugar laden soda. That is harmful to their health. Marketing in schools also violates the duty of gratitude. It does not thank customers for their business by protecting their health. Instead, companies like Coca-Cola continue to crisply market their unhealthy product to vulnerable youth. On the other hand, if one considers a corporation a person, then a corporation fulfils Rosss duty of self-improvement by marketing in schools. It improves its own condition by increasing its profits in the short and the long run.Additionally, if a union fra nkly abides by the contract it signs with a school then it is upholding Rosss duty of fidelity. The framework of deontology is inadequate to determine the ethics of marketing in schools because it presents us with conflicting duties and no hierarchy to put them into. There is an incompatible departure between the various duties. However, this situation did not become controversial simply because some believe that a corporation might have bad ethics, instead people are worried about the consequences of marketing in schools. A utilitarian framework shows us that marketing in schools is unethical.Marketing in elementary school is controversial because it offers many direct benefits to schools, but negatively impact students. Through a utilitarian framework this paper will deconstruct the pros and cons of the scenario to determine whether marketing in schools is ethical. This paper will conduct a cost-benefit analysis to determine what results in the greatest good for the greatest num ber of people. The main players that benefit in this scenario are schools, shareholders of the Coca-Cola company, and employees. All of these players benefit in financial terms. Vending machines are a valuable source of revenue for schools.They support programs that might otherwise go unfunded. Elementary schools have reason to be concerned about their finances, the state of calcium cut the elementary school budget by $10 billion dollars in 2003 (). If a school district signs an exclusive contract with a soft-drink company it can generate an additional $3 million per year (). School districts receive all of this money for virtually no additional work on there part. This is why the cliche that one day our schools will have all the money they need, and the Air Force will have to hold a bake sale to buy a bomber could become true ().Company shareholders benefit in the long run if we assume that marketing in schools create brand loyalty among consumers. Company employees also benefit fr om the sales of sodas in schools, simply because their company is continuing to be competitive in the marketplace and provide work for them. However, the positive impact of selling sodas in schools impacts company employees considerably less than other players in this scenario, because these employees will not be receiving a pay raise as a result of this practice. While there are some positive effects of marketing in schools, I feel that the cons greatly outweigh the benefits.Students bear the burden of the negative effects of marketing in schools. Marketing to youth perpetrates problems of childhood obesity, materialism, eating disorders, violence, and family stress (). This is especially snarly because children are more cognitively immature and prone to believe that products marketed in school carry their schools endorsement. For instance, if a school sells soda it signifies that it is gratifying to consume drinks that are high in sugar and have poor nutritional quality. A chil ds health is not an acceptable trade-off for increased revenues. Childhood obesity is an epidemic in America.One-quarter of children in the United States are overweight which means they are at risk for lifelong health problems such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and cavities (). Competitors also suffer in this scenario because ? exclusive agreements create a monopoly on a school and therefore promote unfair competition and can charge whatever price they want. The difficulty of examining ethics from a utilitarian perspective is that is impossible to predict the future. It is not run how much the financial revenue schools gain from executive agreements helps them to fulfill their purpose of teaching.It is also not clear how high the correlation is between marketing in schools and negative outcomes like obesity. What is known is that most of the negative consequences (and there are a lot of them) fall on the shoulders of the students. Having the burden of this issue fall on the sh oulders of millions of students nationwide is bad for society as a whole. Children need to be educated in a healthy atmosphere so that they can become productive members of society one day. It is detrimental to the future if children are not provided with the best learning environment possible.The best learning environment possible is one that is free from commercial influences. The Distributive Justice framework shows that monopolies are unethical. check to John Rawls we should determine ethical dilemmas like whether marketing in schools is ethical by making the decision from behind a veil of ignorance. The distributive justice framework tries to ensure that the interests of the worst off in society are considered. According to this theory, students well-being should be put before business interests because students are the most vulnerable group in this scenario.However, there is an inherent conflict of interest deep down this framework. Corporations believe that marketing in sc hools is ethical because they are exercising their 1st amendment right to free speech. Everybody has this right, thus they are utilizing the check liberty principle equal rights to liberties as long as all may be provided such liberties. The problem is that not even all corporations are being provided the liberty of free speech. As previously mentioned Coca Cola has an exclusive agreement with 85% of elementary schools in America, this is just a nice way to say that Coca Cola has a monopoly on the elementary school market ().Companies that engage in exclusive distributive contracts are trying to block competitors. They can not justify this action on the ground that they need to do this to spur innovation, they want a monopoly so they can control the school market. Thus the difference principle comes into play because the inequality that these companies are creating in the market place needs to be addressed. The most ethical function to do is to make schools commercial free zones. Marketing in schools is unethical. The most ethical thing to do is to make elementary schools commercial-free zones.Students should be able to pursue learning free of commercial influences and pressures. Eighty percent of adults in the United States agree that schools should be commercial-free zones as well (). While this may be the most ethical course of action, it seems exceedingly unlikely as marketing in schools has become entrenched. Schools continually need more money and the government is unable to provide it. If marketing in schools moldiness continue at the very least it should be regulated. It does not seem probable that the industry will regulate itself, so it should be subject to more government oversight.Right now there is very little the government has done to restrict marketing in schools. Laws forbidding it are perceived to be a breach of the 1st amendment. A study found that only nineteen states currently have statues or regulations that address school-related comm ercial activities (). This number includes states that have statues that encourage commercial activities. The government should establish an independent commission to regulate marketing in public schools. This agency should make regulations that encourage schools to provide a healthy learning environment for students.The agency could regulate the sale of foods high in fat, sodium, and sugars. For example, it could decide that vending machines can not be stocked with sodas however juices (100%) and water could still be sold. There would be greater social acceptance of this issue if it were implemented more appropriately. The business case for CSR prevails. This paper has schematic that the most ethical thing for corporations to do is to stop marketing to students in schools, or at the very least to regulate what they market to children.If a company were to stop marketing to children for the aforementioned ethical considerations it would be following a normative line of reasoning. Th e company would be interested in doing the right thing for society with little regard for how the proposition would effect its own bottom line. While I would applaud its efforts on a moral basis, this would be a very poor reason to engage in Corporate Social Responsibility. There needs to be a business incentive for corporations to engage in Corporate Social Responsibility. A company has to be successful financially if it is going to survive in the long run.However, there is always a business case for corporate social responsibility with respect to companies that sell consumer products. In the long run the closer a company aligns with the values of society the more successful it will be. Good ethics and good business are mutually reinforcing. In this case 80% of society wants commercial-free schools or at least commercialism that is regulated. It is socially responsible for a company to accommodate the wishes of society because it is in their long run interest to build a good reputa tion.A company like Coca-cola may be more successful at recruiting, retaining, and engaging with its employees and customers if it demonstrates that it is socially responsible. Critics might argue that this is just mere window dressing. However, a good reputation leads to higher sales in the long run. Both shareholder and stakeholder frameworks would support the business case for corporate social responsibility in this scenario. Milton Freidman is an advocate of the shareholder theory which maintains that a companies corporate social responsibility is to maximize profits without break the law or violating basic rules of society.Coca-Cola is not breaking any laws by marketing in schools, it is merely exercising its first amendment right to free speech. It is also not violating any social norms, children get to make out whether they want to buy unhealthy products. On one hand it may seem that Freidman would say that corporations should continue to market in schools because they are making a profit and therefore helping society. However Freidman would agree that companies need to balance there short term gains against their long-term interest.In this case, Freidman would advocate for the restriction of marketing in schools because it is in the long run self-interest of the company because companies like Coca-Cola needs to reassure their customers that they care about them. . An alternative approach to corporate social responsibility is the stakeholder theory. This theory maintains that companies should balance the interests of all stakeholders involved. In this scenario the stakeholders would be the students (customers), parents, teachers, corporations, suppliers, employees, shareholders, and society.Students are harmed by marketing in schools because marketing is correlated with problems like obesity and materialism. On the other hand these same students benefit because their schools are receiving additional funding for programs. Parents suffer because they h ave less control over what their children are exposed to, and it could soften their values. Shareholders may benefit in the short run from marketing in schools, but in the long run the values of the company must be aligned with society if it is going to succeed.Therefore, the stakeholder theory would advocate a business case for Corporate Social Responsibility as well to limit marketing in schools. Marketing in schools is a complex issue with many players. In this case, students are the most important players because schools are public institutions and schools are divinatory to make students a top priority. Marketing in schools can not stop on its own, it needs to be either strictly prohibited or at the very least limited by the government.

Consider Thomas Hardy’s Essay

In the dictionary the word Isolation means to be freestanding or a part from others. I think if someone is isolated then it would be a negative aspect because they atomic number 18 alone and film nothing to do with anyone else. The rea news for the various isolations in the two textual matters differs because of the different snip time periods they were set in. In the two books I am comparing is the shrivel up Arm by Thomas Hardy and Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck. I feel that in both texts there ar a a couple of(prenominal) characters with their lives or they had illegitimate children. The text Of mice and Men was compose in the 1930s the time period of the depression.In the most of John Steinbecks books he describes the smell of pack working on the land and that his characters are all often poor. This was because he wanted to show how real the life was during that time. Within his books men and women seldom understood each other because of the lack of communication. During the time when John Steinbeck wrote Of Mice and Men people would frown upon coloured people, the disabled, the old and women. They similarly were prejudice about women. The text the wither Arm was written in the late 19th century in England.The book is set in a place called Wessex and the expectations at the time are different compared to the ones we have in todays society. In that time social classes were expected to marry inside their class and not at a lower place that. Otherwise this would be considered a disgrace to the family of the higher class. Thomas Hardy introduces Rhode as his First character who is isolated. He establishes her isolation as her sitting on her away from the others Where a thin fading women of thirty milked somewhat apart from the rest. The word fading and somewhat apart from the rest reveals that she was separated from the rest of the milkmaids. yet on in the first chapter Hardy also establishes her loneliness by where she lives lay part from that of the others, to a lonely spot high above the water-meads this also show her isolation. The characters who are lonely are Candy, Crooks and Curleys wife in the text Of Mice and Men. They are lonely because each one of them is different from everyone else. Such as Crooks is black, Candy is dis adaptedd and Curleys wife is a women. The reason for them creation lonely is because of the societys attitude, which they lived in. The two characters that are not lonely are George and Lennie.This is as they have each other for company whereas everybody does not. Lennie and George treat each other, as they were family because they have been together for a very long time. Because I got you an___ An I got you. We got each other, thats what, that gives a hot in hell about us. That quote indicates what Lennie say to George about them having each other to look afterward and keeping each other company. George needed Lennie because he wanted someone who would listen to him and not say anyt hing. Lennie need Georges because he is not able to handle himself and also George promised Lennies aunt that he would look after him.Thomas Hardy describes Rhodes Brooks house as it old and worn It was build of mud walls, the surface of which had been washed by many rains left none of the original flat face visible here and there in the thatch above a rafter showed deal a bone protruding through the skin. This suggests that Rhode did not a great house and that it was old just like her. The quote also indicates that the house had been through some hard times. In the text Of Mice and Men John Steinbeck writes about one female character that is cognise as Curleys wife. As the reader I feel sympathy for her, as she is the only woman on the ranch.She is also isolated because her husband does not like her talking to any of the other workers, and also her own husband hardly speaks to her. The author has not given her a name because during that time period women were not as important as men, furthermore she is so isolated that the author decided on not given her a name. The effect this has on the reader is that she belongs to Curley unlike her being an individual person. So therefore the reader feels a little bit of sympathy for her. Thomas Hardy writes about a little boy in his book Withered Arm who is also nameless like Curleys Wife. In the book he is referred as Rhodes son.Rhodes son is isolated because his mother had an affair with granger Lodge. The main reason that he is isolated is that his mother moved further away from the set up, so therefore he does not live close by to anybody. I feel that Rhodes son is a victim of the circumstances between Farmer Lodge and Rhode because he was a product of their affair, and then Rhode moved away so she could be away from society. As a result Rhodes son does not have friends. John Steinbeck writes about another isolated man named Crooks. The reason Crooks is so isolated is because during the time period everyone was prejudice against coloured people, and he was black.Another reason he is isolated as that he isolates himself to have some respect in the white world. Crooks was born with a disability, therefore he feels that he need to isolate himself further. He makes friends with Candy and Lennie as they isolated on the farm. When Crooks first meets Candy and Lennie it says he kept is his distance and demanded that other people keep theirs. This indicates that Crooks does not want anyone to be close to him. Though as the story goes on he makes friends with Candy and Lennie.I feel sorry for Crooks for being coloured and handicapped as he is very friendly person. In both the texts that I read there are two more handicapped people, named Gertrude from the Withered Arm and Candy from Of Mice and Men. Candy is isolated as he is old and has only got one arm since it was cut off when he was working on the farm. Gertrude isolated because one night Rhode cast a spell on her arm. In both texts Ge rtrude and Candy are alike because of their arms. They are not as isolated as Crooks or Rhode, since they only have a small isolation problem, unlike the rest.In the beginning of the text Withered Arm Farmer Lodge is presented as being bold and proud. He is proud as he has a new wife Gertrude, who is a good deal younger than him and plus she is very beautiful. Gertrude starts to get a problem in one of her arms, as time passes her arm gets worse, therefore Farmer Lodge feels as she is not as pretty as before. This makes Farmer Lodge change. He also feels depressed since his son is hung and this changes him. The reason for him to isolate himself is that all these problems are occurring or so him and he feels that it is his fault.So he moves away from his farm. In conclusion I consider that isolation is a negative aspect in someones life. I think that when people are isolated dreaming keeps them from getting trough. Like for instance Lennie and Georges dream to open up a farm or th eir own and Rhodes dream to get back with Farmer Lodge. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Steinbeck section.